If any of you
This phrase sets the stage for a personal and communal address. The Greek word "tis" (τις) implies an indefinite pronoun, suggesting that Paul is speaking to any individual within the Corinthian church. This universality indicates that the issue at hand is not isolated but could potentially affect any member of the community. It emphasizes personal responsibility and accountability within the body of Christ.

has a grievance
The term "grievance" is translated from the Greek word "pragma" (πρᾶγμα), which can mean a matter, affair, or lawsuit. This suggests a tangible issue or dispute that requires resolution. In the historical context of Corinth, a city known for its litigious nature, grievances were often taken to public courts. Paul is addressing the tendency to handle disputes in a secular manner rather than within the Christian community.

against another
This phrase highlights the interpersonal nature of the conflict. The Greek "pros heteron" (πρὸς ἕτερον) indicates a direct opposition or conflict between individuals. It underscores the relational aspect of the Christian faith, where believers are called to live in harmony and resolve conflicts in a manner that reflects their shared identity in Christ.

how dare he
The phrase "how dare he" is a strong rhetorical question that conveys Paul's astonishment and disapproval. The Greek "tolma" (τολμᾷ) implies boldness or audacity, suggesting that taking a fellow believer to secular court is an audacious act that contradicts Christian values. It reflects Paul's expectation that believers should handle disputes differently from the secular world.

go to law
The phrase "go to law" is derived from the Greek "krinesthai" (κρίνεσθαι), meaning to judge or to bring to trial. This legal terminology indicates the formal process of litigation. In the context of the early church, this would involve taking disputes before a pagan court, which Paul argues is inappropriate for believers who are part of a holy community.

before the unrighteous
The term "unrighteous" is translated from the Greek "adikon" (ἀδίκων), meaning unjust or wicked. Paul contrasts the secular judges, who do not share the Christian moral framework, with the "saints." This highlights the incongruity of seeking justice from those who do not adhere to God's standards, emphasizing the need for a distinctively Christian approach to conflict resolution.

instead of before the saints
The word "saints" comes from the Greek "hagion" (ἁγίων), meaning holy ones or set apart. This term refers to the Christian community, who are called to live according to God's righteousness. Paul is advocating for disputes to be resolved within the church, where the values and teachings of Christ can guide the process. This reflects the early church's understanding of itself as a distinct community with its own mechanisms for justice and reconciliation.

Do you not know
This phrase is a rhetorical question used by Paul to remind the Corinthians of a truth they should already be aware of. The Greek word for "know" is "oida," which implies a deep, intuitive knowledge. Paul is appealing to their understanding of spiritual truths, urging them to recall their identity and responsibilities as believers. This phrase sets the tone for the verse, emphasizing the importance of spiritual awareness and maturity.

the saints
The term "saints" refers to all believers in Christ, those who are set apart for God's purposes. In Greek, the word is "hagios," meaning holy or consecrated. This designation underscores the identity of Christians as God's chosen people, called to live in holiness and righteousness. Historically, the early church understood themselves as a distinct community, set apart from the world, with a unique role in God's redemptive plan.

will judge the world
This phrase speaks to the eschatological role of believers. The Greek word for "judge" is "krinō," which means to separate, decide, or evaluate. In the context of the end times, it suggests that believers will participate in God's final judgment. This is a profound responsibility, indicating that the saints will have a role in the divine administration of justice. It reflects the biblical theme of believers reigning with Christ, as seen in passages like Revelation 20:4.

And if you are to judge the world
Here, Paul is drawing a logical conclusion from the previous statement. The phrase "if you are to judge" implies certainty about the future role of believers. It challenges the Corinthians to consider their future authority and responsibility. The historical context reveals that the Corinthian church struggled with internal disputes, and Paul is urging them to live up to their calling by handling their affairs with wisdom and discernment.

are you not competent
The word "competent" in Greek is "anaxios," meaning worthy or sufficient. Paul is questioning the Corinthians' ability to handle minor disputes in light of their future role. This phrase challenges believers to develop spiritual maturity and wisdom. It implies that their identity in Christ equips them with the necessary skills to resolve conflicts and make righteous judgments.

to judge trivial cases?
"Trivial cases" refers to the everyday disputes and disagreements that arise within the community. The Greek word for "trivial" is "elachistos," meaning least or insignificant. Paul contrasts these minor issues with the weighty responsibility of judging the world, highlighting the incongruity of believers being unable to resolve small matters. This serves as a call to prioritize spiritual growth and community harmony, reflecting the transformative power of the Gospel in all aspects of life.

Do you not know
This phrase is a rhetorical question used by Paul to remind the Corinthians of a truth they should already be aware of. The Greek word for "know" here is "οἴδατε" (oidate), which implies a deep, intrinsic understanding. Paul is emphasizing the importance of spiritual awareness and knowledge among believers. In the context of the Corinthian church, which was struggling with internal disputes, Paul is urging them to remember their spiritual identity and responsibilities.

that we will judge
The Greek word for "judge" is "κρινοῦμεν" (krinoumen), which means to separate, distinguish, or make a decision. This implies a role of authority and discernment. In the eschatological context, believers are promised a role in God's final judgment, highlighting the dignity and responsibility bestowed upon them. This serves as a reminder of the high calling and future responsibilities of Christians, encouraging them to live righteously and wisely in the present.

angels
The mention of "angels" here is intriguing and profound. Angels, in biblical terms, are spiritual beings created by God, often seen as messengers or servants of God. The Greek word "ἀγγέλους" (angelous) is used. The idea that believers will judge angels suggests a future role of authority over even these celestial beings, which underscores the elevated status of redeemed humanity in God's kingdom. This should inspire believers to live with a sense of purpose and destiny, knowing that their lives have eternal significance.

How much more
This phrase is a form of argument from the greater to the lesser, a common rhetorical device used by Paul. It suggests that if believers are to judge angels, a task of great magnitude, then they are certainly capable of handling lesser matters. This is a call to the Corinthians to exercise wisdom and discernment in their daily lives, particularly in resolving disputes among themselves.

the things of this life
The Greek term "βιωτικά" (biotika) refers to matters pertaining to everyday life. Paul is addressing the practical issues and disputes that arise within the church community. By contrasting these with the future judgment of angels, Paul is emphasizing the importance of handling earthly matters with the wisdom and authority that comes from their identity in Christ. This serves as a reminder to believers to prioritize spiritual maturity and unity, reflecting their heavenly calling in their earthly conduct.

So if you need to settle everyday matters
The phrase "everyday matters" refers to the mundane, routine disputes that arise in daily life. In the Greek, the word used here is "βιωτικά" (biotika), which pertains to life or livelihood. This suggests that the issues being discussed are not of spiritual or eternal significance but rather pertain to the temporal aspects of life. Historically, the Corinthian church was situated in a bustling, diverse city where legal disputes were common. Paul is emphasizing that such matters should not consume the church's focus or resources, as they are secondary to the spiritual mission of the church.

do you appoint as judges
The term "appoint" in Greek is "καθίζετε" (kathizete), which means to set or place someone in a position of authority. The act of appointing judges implies a formal process of selecting individuals to resolve disputes. In the context of the early church, this would have been a significant decision, as it reflects the community's trust and reliance on certain individuals to uphold justice and fairness. The historical context reveals that the early church was encouraged to resolve disputes internally rather than relying on secular courts, which were often seen as corrupt or unjust.

those of no standing in the church
The phrase "no standing" translates from the Greek "ἐξουθενημένους" (exouthenemenous), meaning despised or of no account. This suggests that the individuals being appointed as judges were not respected or recognized as leaders within the church community. Paul is challenging the Corinthians to consider the qualifications and spiritual maturity of those they entrust with judgment. From a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the importance of discernment and the need for leaders who are spiritually grounded and respected within the church. The church is called to be a community that reflects God's justice and righteousness, and this requires appointing leaders who embody these values.

I say this to your shame
The Apostle Paul begins this verse with a direct rebuke, emphasizing the gravity of the situation. The Greek word for "shame" here is "ἐντροπή" (entropē), which conveys a sense of disgrace or embarrassment. Paul is highlighting the incongruity of believers, who are supposed to embody wisdom and righteousness, failing to resolve disputes internally. In the historical context of Corinth, a city known for its moral and ethical challenges, this rebuke would have been particularly poignant. Paul is urging the Corinthians to reflect on their identity in Christ and the standards they are called to uphold.

Is there really no one among you
This rhetorical question underscores Paul's astonishment and disappointment. The phrase suggests an expectation that within the Christian community, there should be individuals equipped with wisdom and discernment. The Greek word "σοφός" (sophos) for "wise" implies not just intellectual knowledge but practical, godly wisdom. In the early church, wisdom was a valued gift, often associated with leadership and maturity in faith. Paul's question challenges the Corinthians to consider their spiritual growth and the development of their community leaders.

wise enough to arbitrate
The term "arbitrate" comes from the Greek "διακρίνω" (diakrinō), meaning to judge or discern. This word choice indicates a need for someone who can make fair and just decisions, reflecting God's justice and mercy. In the Jewish tradition, elders and leaders were often called upon to settle disputes, drawing from the wisdom of the Torah and the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Paul is calling the Corinthians to emulate this model, encouraging them to seek out those among them who can fulfill this role with integrity and insight.

between his brothers?
The use of "brothers" (Greek: "ἀδελφός," adelphos) emphasizes the familial relationship among believers. In the New Testament, this term is frequently used to denote the close, covenantal bond within the body of Christ. Paul is reminding the Corinthians that their disputes are not merely legal matters but relational ones, affecting the unity and witness of the church. The early Christian community was meant to be a reflection of God's kingdom, where love, forgiveness, and reconciliation were paramount. By framing the issue in terms of brotherhood, Paul is urging the Corinthians to prioritize their spiritual kinship and the testimony of their faith.

Instead
This word marks a contrast to the ideal behavior expected of believers. In the Greek, "ἀλλά" (alla) is used, which often introduces a strong contrast. The Apostle Paul is highlighting a deviation from the expected Christian conduct, emphasizing the gravity of the situation. The use of "instead" suggests a disappointment in the Corinthian church's failure to resolve disputes internally, reflecting a broader theme of unity and reconciliation within the body of Christ.

one brother
The term "brother" (ἀδελφός, adelphos) is significant in the Christian context, denoting not just a familial relationship but a spiritual kinship among believers. This word underscores the expectation of mutual love and support within the Christian community. The use of "brother" here is a reminder of the familial bond that should ideally prevent such legal disputes, as believers are called to live in harmony and resolve conflicts with love and understanding.

goes to law
The phrase "goes to law" (κρίνεται, krinetai) refers to the act of taking legal action or seeking judgment in a court of law. In the historical context of Corinth, legal proceedings were public and often involved pagan judges. Paul is expressing concern that Christians are resorting to secular courts rather than resolving issues within the church. This action contradicts the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized reconciliation and forgiveness over legal retribution.

against another
This phrase highlights the internal conflict within the church, as "another" refers to a fellow believer. The Greek word "ἕτερος" (heteros) implies a division or difference, which is contrary to the unity that should characterize the body of Christ. The presence of disputes "against another" within the church community is a serious issue, as it damages the witness of the church and undermines its testimony of love and unity.

and this in front of unbelievers
The phrase "in front of unbelievers" (ἐνώπιον ἀπίστων, enōpion apistōn) is crucial, as it points to the public nature of the legal disputes and the negative impact on the church's witness. The early church was called to be a light to the world, and such public disputes could tarnish its reputation. Paul is concerned that these actions provide a poor testimony to non-believers, who might see the church as no different from the secular world, thus hindering the spread of the Gospel.

The very fact
This phrase underscores the certainty and undeniability of the situation Paul is addressing. In the Greek, the word used here is "ὅλως" (holōs), which can be translated as "altogether" or "actually." It emphasizes the seriousness of the issue at hand, indicating that the mere existence of lawsuits among believers is a significant problem. This sets the stage for Paul's argument that such disputes are a symptom of a deeper spiritual failure.

that you have lawsuits among you
The term "lawsuits" in Greek is "κρίματα" (krimata), which refers to legal disputes or judgments. In the historical context of Corinth, a city known for its litigious nature, this would have been a common occurrence. However, Paul is highlighting that such behavior is inappropriate for Christians, who are called to live in unity and love. The presence of lawsuits among believers indicates a reliance on secular systems rather than resolving conflicts within the community of faith.

means you have been completely defeated already
The phrase "completely defeated" comes from the Greek "ἥττημα" (hēttēma), meaning a loss or defeat. Paul is not merely speaking of a legal defeat but a spiritual one. The use of "already" suggests that the defeat is not just a future possibility but a present reality. This defeat is not in the courts but in their witness as Christians, as they fail to demonstrate the transformative power of the Gospel in their relationships.

Why not rather be wronged?
Here, Paul challenges the Corinthians with a rhetorical question that cuts to the heart of Christian ethics. The Greek word for "wronged" is "ἀδικεῖσθαι" (adikeisthai), which means to suffer injustice. Paul is urging believers to consider the example of Christ, who endured wrongs without retaliation. This reflects a radical call to prioritize spiritual integrity and community harmony over personal rights and justice.

Why not rather be cheated?
The word "cheated" in Greek is "ἀποστερεῖσθαι" (apostereisthai), meaning to be deprived or defrauded. Paul is advocating for a countercultural response to injustice, one that values the witness of the church over individual gain. This echoes Jesus' teachings in the Sermon on the Mount, where He calls His followers to turn the other cheek and go the extra mile. It is a call to embody the sacrificial love that Christ demonstrated.

Instead
The word "instead" serves as a pivot, contrasting the expected behavior of believers with their actual conduct. In the Greek, this is "ἀλλά" (alla), which is often used to denote a strong contrast. Paul is highlighting the disparity between the Christian ideal and the reality within the Corinthian church. This word calls believers to self-examination, urging them to align their actions with their professed faith.

you yourselves
This phrase emphasizes personal responsibility and accountability. The Greek "ὑμεῖς" (hymeis) is a pronoun that stresses the involvement of the individuals being addressed. Paul is not speaking in generalities but is directly confronting the members of the Corinthian church. This personal address serves as a reminder that each believer is accountable for their actions before God and the community.

cheat
The term "cheat" is translated from the Greek "ἀποστερέω" (apostereo), which means to defraud or deprive someone of what is rightfully theirs. This word choice underscores the moral and ethical breach occurring within the church. In a historical context, this reflects the legal disputes among believers that Paul addresses earlier in the chapter. The act of cheating is not just a legal issue but a spiritual one, violating the trust and unity that should characterize the body of Christ.

and do wrong
The phrase "do wrong" comes from the Greek "ἀδικέω" (adikeo), meaning to act unjustly or wickedly. This term broadens the scope of misconduct beyond financial or legal matters to encompass any form of injustice. Paul is calling out behaviors that are inconsistent with the righteousness expected of believers. This serves as a call to holiness, urging Christians to reflect God's justice in their interactions.

even against your own brothers
The word "brothers" is translated from the Greek "ἀδελφός" (adelphos), which can mean a biological sibling or, in the Christian context, a fellow believer. The use of "even against" highlights the severity of the offense, as it is committed against those who are part of the same spiritual family. This phrase underscores the betrayal of the familial bond that should exist among Christians. Historically, the early church was known for its close-knit community, and such actions would have been particularly egregious. Paul is urging the Corinthians to remember their shared identity in Christ and to act in love and integrity towards one another.

Do you not know
This phrase is a rhetorical question, often used by Paul to remind the Corinthians of truths they should already understand. The Greek word "οἴδατε" (oidate) implies a knowledge that is both intellectual and experiential. Paul is urging the Corinthians to recall their foundational teachings, emphasizing the importance of living in accordance with the truths they profess.

that the wicked
The term "wicked" is translated from the Greek word "ἄδικοι" (adikoi), which means unjust or unrighteous. In the biblical context, it refers to those who live in opposition to God's laws and moral standards. Historically, this term would encompass behaviors and attitudes that are contrary to the covenant relationship God established with His people.

will not inherit
The concept of inheritance in the biblical sense is deeply rooted in the idea of receiving a portion or share, often associated with the promises of God. The Greek word "κληρονομήσουσιν" (klēronomēsousin) suggests a legal right or entitlement. Paul is making it clear that those who persist in wickedness forfeit their claim to the blessings and promises of God's kingdom.

the kingdom of God
This phrase refers to the reign and rule of God, both in the present spiritual sense and the future eschatological fulfillment. The kingdom of God is a central theme in Jesus' teachings, representing the realm where God's will is perfectly done. For the early Christians, this was not just a future hope but a present reality that demanded a life of holiness and obedience.

Do not be deceived
Paul warns against deception, using the Greek word "πλανᾶσθε" (planasthe), which means to be led astray or to wander. This serves as a caution against false teachings or misconceptions that could lead believers away from the truth. In the historical context, the Corinthian church faced many cultural pressures that could easily distort their understanding of Christian ethics.

Neither the sexually immoral
The Greek word "πόρνοι" (pornoi) refers to those who engage in sexual immorality, encompassing a range of illicit sexual behaviors. In the Greco-Roman world, sexual immorality was rampant, and Paul is calling the Corinthians to a higher standard of purity, reflecting the holiness of God.

nor idolaters
Idolatry, from the Greek "εἰδωλολάτραι" (eidōlolatrai), involves the worship of false gods or the elevation of anything above God. In Corinth, a city known for its temples and diverse religious practices, this was a significant issue. Paul is reminding the believers that allegiance to God requires exclusive devotion.

nor adulterers
Adultery, translated from "μοιχοὶ" (moichoi), refers to marital infidelity. This command underscores the sanctity of marriage as ordained by God. In a society where such acts were often overlooked, Paul emphasizes the importance of faithfulness and the covenantal nature of marriage.

nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts
The phrase is derived from two Greek terms, "μαλακοὶ" (malakoi) and "ἀρσενοκοῖται" (arsenokoitai), which refer to passive and active participants in homosexual acts, respectively. This reflects the biblical view of sexual relations as intended by God to be within the bounds of heterosexual marriage. Paul’s inclusion of this in the list of behaviors that exclude one from the kingdom of God highlights the call to live according to God’s design for sexuality.

nor thieves
The Greek word for "thieves" is "kleptai," which refers to those who take what does not belong to them. In the historical context of Corinth, a bustling trade city, theft was a common issue. The commandment "You shall not steal" (Exodus 20:15) is foundational in the Judeo-Christian ethic, emphasizing respect for others' property. This phrase serves as a reminder that integrity and honesty are essential virtues for those seeking to live in accordance with God's will.

nor the greedy
The term "greedy" is translated from the Greek "pleonektai," which denotes an insatiable desire for more, often at the expense of others. Greed is condemned throughout Scripture, as seen in Luke 12:15, where Jesus warns, "Watch out! Be on your guard against all kinds of greed." In a city like Corinth, known for its wealth and commerce, the temptation to prioritize material gain over spiritual values was significant. This phrase challenges believers to cultivate contentment and generosity.

nor drunkards
"Drunkards" comes from the Greek "methusoi," referring to those who habitually overindulge in alcohol. The Bible consistently warns against drunkenness, as it leads to a loss of self-control and moral compromise (Ephesians 5:18). In the cultural context of Corinth, where social gatherings often involved excessive drinking, this admonition calls Christians to a life of sobriety and self-discipline, reflecting the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23).

nor verbal abusers
The phrase "verbal abusers" is derived from the Greek "loidoroi," indicating those who use words to harm or insult others. The power of speech is a recurring theme in Scripture, with James 3:6 describing the tongue as "a fire, a world of unrighteousness." In a society where rhetoric and public speaking were highly valued, this warning underscores the importance of using language to edify and encourage rather than to tear down.

nor swindlers
"Swindlers" translates from the Greek "harpages," meaning those who deceive or cheat others for personal gain. This term highlights the unethical practices that were prevalent in Corinth's commercial environment. The Bible calls for honesty and fairness in all dealings, as seen in Proverbs 11:1: "A false balance is an abomination to the Lord, but a just weight is His delight." This phrase exhorts believers to uphold justice and integrity.

will inherit the kingdom of God
The phrase "inherit the kingdom of God" speaks to the ultimate reward for those who live according to God's standards. The Greek word "kleronomesousin" (inherit) implies receiving a portion or share, often associated with familial rights. This inheritance is not earned by human effort but is a gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:8-9). The kingdom of God represents the reign of God both now and in eternity, a promise of eternal life and fellowship with Him. This concluding phrase serves as both a warning and an invitation, urging believers to examine their lives and align with God's righteous standards.

And that is what some of you were
This phrase reflects the transformative power of the Gospel. The Greek word for "were" (ἦτε, ēte) indicates a past state, emphasizing the change that has occurred in the lives of the Corinthian believers. Historically, Corinth was a city known for its moral depravity, and many of the early Christians there came from backgrounds steeped in sin. This phrase serves as a reminder of their previous identity and the radical change brought about by their faith in Christ.

But you were washed
The term "washed" (ἀπελούσασθε, apelousasthe) signifies a cleansing from sin, both spiritually and morally. In the context of early Christianity, this washing is often associated with baptism, symbolizing the believer's purification and new birth. The imagery of washing is deeply rooted in Jewish purification rituals, which were a precursor to the Christian understanding of spiritual cleansing through Christ.

you were sanctified
"Sanctified" (ἡγιάσθητε, hēgiasthēte) means to be set apart for a holy purpose. In the Greek, this word conveys the idea of being made holy and dedicated to God. Sanctification is both a positional and progressive work of God in the believer's life. It reflects the ongoing process of becoming more like Christ, a journey that begins at conversion and continues throughout the believer's life.

you were justified
The word "justified" (ἐδικαιώθητε, edikaiōthēte) is a legal term meaning to be declared righteous. In the context of Paul's writings, justification is a key theological concept, signifying that believers are declared righteous before God through faith in Jesus Christ. This declaration is not based on personal merit but on the redemptive work of Christ, underscoring the grace and mercy of God.

in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ
The phrase "in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ" highlights the authority and power of Jesus in the believer's transformation. In biblical times, a name represented one's character and authority. Thus, invoking the name of Jesus signifies reliance on His power and authority for salvation and transformation. It is through Jesus that believers receive their new identity and standing before God.

and by the Spirit of our God
The "Spirit of our God" refers to the Holy Spirit, who plays a crucial role in the believer's transformation. The Holy Spirit is the agent of regeneration, sanctification, and empowerment in the Christian life. This phrase emphasizes the Trinitarian work in salvation, where the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are all actively involved in the redemption and sanctification of believers. The Spirit's indwelling presence is a guarantee of the believer's new life and ongoing transformation.

All things are lawful for me
This phrase, often repeated by Paul, is believed to be a slogan used by some Corinthians to justify their behavior. The Greek word for "lawful" is "ἔξεστιν" (exestin), which means permissible or allowed. Paul acknowledges Christian liberty, emphasizing that believers are not under the law but under grace. However, this freedom is not a license to sin. Historically, Corinth was a city known for its moral laxity, and some Christians might have misinterpreted their freedom in Christ as an endorsement of all behaviors.

but not everything is beneficial
The Greek word for "beneficial" is "συμφέρει" (sympherei), meaning profitable or advantageous. Paul introduces a principle of discernment, urging believers to consider the spiritual and communal benefits of their actions. In a city like Corinth, where pagan practices were prevalent, the challenge was to live in a way that edified both the individual and the church body. This echoes the biblical call to pursue what builds up rather than what merely satisfies personal desires.

All things are lawful for me
Repeating the phrase underscores the importance of understanding Christian liberty correctly. Paul is not contradicting himself but rather emphasizing the need for balance. The repetition serves as a rhetorical device to draw attention to the potential misuse of freedom. In the broader scriptural context, freedom in Christ is always tied to responsibility and love for others.

but I will not be mastered by anything
The Greek word for "mastered" is "ἐξουσιασθήσομαι" (exousiasthēsomai), which implies being brought under the power or control of something. Paul warns against becoming enslaved by habits or desires, even if they are technically permissible. This reflects a deeper spiritual truth: true freedom in Christ means not being dominated by sin or worldly desires. Historically, Corinth was a hub of various influences, and the temptation to be controlled by them was significant. Paul calls believers to exercise self-control, a fruit of the Spirit, ensuring that their freedom leads to holiness rather than bondage.

Food for the stomach and the stomach for food
This phrase reflects a common saying in Corinth, emphasizing the natural relationship between food and the stomach. In Greek culture, there was a tendency to view bodily functions as separate from spiritual life. The Greek word for "food" (βρῶμα, brōma) and "stomach" (κοιλία, koilia) suggest a temporary, earthly function. Paul uses this to illustrate that just as food and the stomach are temporary, so are the desires of the flesh. Historically, Corinth was known for its indulgence and excess, and Paul is challenging the believers to see beyond the temporal satisfaction of physical needs.

but God will destroy them both
This phrase underscores the transient nature of physical needs and desires. The Greek word for "destroy" (καταργέω, katargeō) implies rendering something inactive or null. Paul is reminding the Corinthians that earthly desires and functions are temporary and will ultimately be rendered obsolete by God. This serves as a call to focus on eternal, spiritual matters rather than temporary, physical ones.

The body is not intended for sexual immorality
Here, Paul shifts the focus from food to the body, emphasizing its purpose. The Greek word for "sexual immorality" (πορνεία, porneia) refers to any form of illicit sexual activity. In the historical context of Corinth, a city notorious for its sexual promiscuity, this was a radical statement. Paul is asserting that the body has a higher purpose than fulfilling carnal desires, challenging the cultural norms of the time.

but for the Lord
This phrase highlights the divine purpose of the human body. The Greek preposition "for" (διά, dia) indicates purpose or reason. Paul is teaching that the body is meant to serve and honor the Lord, not to be used for sinful activities. This reflects a conservative Christian view that sees the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit, meant for God's glory.

and the Lord for the body
This concluding phrase emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between the believer and Christ. The Lord's care and purpose for the body are highlighted, suggesting that just as the body is for the Lord, the Lord is also for the body. This reflects the Christian belief in the sanctity and value of the human body, which is to be respected and honored as part of God's creation. Theologically, it underscores the intimate relationship between Christ and the believer, where the body is seen as an instrument of righteousness.

By His power
The phrase "By His power" emphasizes the divine authority and omnipotence of God. The Greek word for power here is "δύναμις" (dynamis), which conveys the idea of inherent strength and ability. This power is not just a force but a personal, active energy that God uses to accomplish His will. In the context of the resurrection, it highlights that the resurrection of Jesus was not a natural event but a supernatural act of God. This same power is available to believers, underscoring the hope and assurance of our future resurrection.

God
The term "God" here refers to the one true God, the Creator and Sustainer of all things. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul is addressing a predominantly Gentile audience in Corinth, a city known for its diverse religious practices. By affirming that it is God who raised Jesus, Paul is distinguishing the Christian faith from the polytheistic beliefs of the time. This declaration serves as a reminder of the monotheistic foundation of Christianity and the unique power of the God of Israel.

raised the Lord
The phrase "raised the Lord" refers to the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "raised" is "ἐγείρω" (egeirō), which means to awaken or to lift up. This term is used throughout the New Testament to describe the resurrection, signifying a transition from death to life. The title "the Lord" (Greek: "Κύριος," Kyrios) is a recognition of Jesus' divine authority and His role as the sovereign ruler. The resurrection is the cornerstone of Christian faith, affirming Jesus' victory over death and His divine nature.

from the dead
"From the dead" indicates the state from which Jesus was raised. The Greek term "νεκρός" (nekros) is used here, meaning dead or lifeless. This phrase underscores the reality of Jesus' death and the miraculous nature of His resurrection. In the historical context, the resurrection was a radical claim, challenging both Jewish and Greco-Roman understandings of life and death. It serves as a testament to the transformative power of God and the promise of eternal life for believers.

and He will raise us also
The promise "and He will raise us also" extends the hope of resurrection to all believers. The future tense of "will raise" (Greek: "ἐγείρει," egeirei) assures us of the certainty of this promise. This statement is a profound encouragement to the Corinthian church and to all Christians, affirming that just as Christ was raised, so too will we be raised to eternal life. It reflects the eschatological hope that is central to Christian doctrine, offering assurance of our future transformation and union with Christ. This promise is rooted in the historical reality of Jesus' resurrection and is a source of hope and motivation for living a life of faith and obedience.

Do you not know
This phrase is a rhetorical question that Paul uses frequently to remind the Corinthians of truths they should already understand. The Greek word "οἴδατε" (oidate) implies a knowledge that is both intellectual and experiential. Paul is emphasizing the importance of being aware of spiritual truths, suggesting that ignorance is not an excuse for immoral behavior. In a conservative Christian perspective, this calls believers to a deeper understanding of their faith and the implications of their actions.

that your bodies
The Greek word for "bodies" is "σώματα" (sōmata), which refers to the physical body. In the context of Corinth, a city known for its immorality and temple prostitution, Paul is emphasizing the sanctity of the physical body. The body is not merely a vessel for the soul but is integral to one's spiritual identity. This underscores the belief that the physical and spiritual are interconnected, and that honoring God involves respecting one's body as a temple of the Holy Spirit.

are members of Christ
The term "members" comes from the Greek "μέλη" (melē), meaning parts or limbs. This metaphor illustrates the intimate and organic connection between believers and Christ, akin to parts of a body. Historically, this reflects the early Christian understanding of the Church as the Body of Christ, where each believer plays a vital role. From a conservative viewpoint, this stresses the importance of unity and purity within the Church, as each member's actions affect the whole body.

Shall I then take
The phrase "Shall I then take" uses the Greek "ἄρας" (aras), which implies an active decision or choice. Paul is highlighting the deliberate nature of sin, particularly sexual sin, which involves a conscious decision to misuse what belongs to Christ. This serves as a warning against complacency and the need for vigilance in maintaining moral integrity.

the members of Christ
Reiterating the earlier phrase, Paul emphasizes the gravity of the situation. The repetition serves to remind the Corinthians of their identity and responsibility as part of Christ's body. In a conservative Christian context, this reinforces the call to live in a manner worthy of one's calling, reflecting Christ in all aspects of life.

and unite them with a prostitute?
The word "unite" is translated from the Greek "κολλήσω" (kollēsō), meaning to join closely or glue together. This term conveys the seriousness of sexual immorality, which creates a profound and inappropriate bond. Historically, temple prostitution was common in Corinth, making this warning particularly relevant. The conservative perspective views this as a call to sexual purity, recognizing the sacredness of the marital union as ordained by God.

Never!
The Greek "μὴ γένοιτο" (mē genoito) is a strong expression of repudiation, often translated as "May it never be!" or "God forbid!" This emphatic rejection underscores the incompatibility of sin with the believer's identity in Christ. It serves as a powerful reminder of the need for holiness and the rejection of anything that defiles the body, which is a temple of the Holy Spirit. From a conservative standpoint, this is a call to uphold the highest moral standards, reflecting the transformative power of the Gospel in the believer's life.

Or don’t you know
This phrase serves as a rhetorical question, a common technique used by Paul to engage the Corinthian believers. The Greek word for "know" is "οἴδατε" (oidate), which implies an understanding or awareness that should be evident to the audience. Paul is reminding the Corinthians of a fundamental truth they should already grasp, emphasizing the importance of spiritual and moral awareness in their lives.

he who unites himself
The Greek word for "unites" is "κολλώμενος" (kollomenos), which means to glue or cement together. This term indicates a deep, intimate connection that goes beyond a mere physical act. In the context of the Corinthian church, which was situated in a city known for its sexual immorality, Paul is highlighting the spiritual implications of such unions, urging believers to consider the sanctity of their bodies as temples of the Holy Spirit.

with a prostitute
The term "prostitute" in Greek is "πόρνη" (porne), which refers to a woman who sells her body for sexual purposes. In the historical context of Corinth, prostitution was not only prevalent but also culturally accepted, often linked to pagan worship practices. Paul’s admonition is a call to holiness, urging the Corinthians to separate themselves from practices that defile their bodies and dishonor God.

is one with her in body
The phrase "one with her in body" underscores the profound unity that occurs in sexual relations. The Greek word for "one" is "ἓν" (hen), signifying a complete and indivisible union. Paul is drawing from the creation narrative, where the physical union of man and woman is designed to reflect a deeper, spiritual truth. This serves as a warning against trivializing sexual intimacy, which is meant to be a sacred bond within the covenant of marriage.

For it is said
This phrase introduces a scriptural reference, indicating that Paul is grounding his argument in the authority of Scripture. The use of "it is said" points to the enduring truth of God’s Word, which transcends cultural and temporal boundaries. Paul is reminding the Corinthians that their conduct should align with the eternal principles found in Scripture.

'The two will become one flesh.'
This quotation is from Genesis 2:24, a foundational text for understanding God’s design for marriage. The Hebrew root for "flesh" is "בָּשָׂר" (basar), which encompasses the whole person, not just the physical body. By invoking this passage, Paul is affirming the sanctity and exclusivity of the marital relationship, where two individuals are united in a covenantal bond that mirrors the unity and fidelity of Christ and His Church. This serves as a powerful reminder of the sacredness of sexual intimacy and the call to live in purity and holiness.

But he who unites himself with the Lord
The phrase "unites himself" comes from the Greek word "kollao," which means to glue or cement together, indicating a strong, inseparable bond. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul contrasts this spiritual union with the physical and immoral unions he warns against earlier in the chapter. Historically, Corinth was a city known for its moral laxity, and Paul’s message here is a call to a higher standard of spiritual fidelity. The act of uniting with the Lord is a deliberate, conscious choice to adhere to Christ, reflecting a commitment that transcends mere physical or emotional connections. This union is not just a casual association but a profound, life-altering bond that aligns one's life with the teachings and person of Jesus Christ.

is one with Him in spirit
The word "one" in Greek is "heis," signifying unity and singularity. This unity is not merely symbolic but a real, spiritual oneness that believers experience with Christ. The phrase "in spirit" emphasizes the non-physical nature of this union. It is a spiritual reality that transcends earthly relationships and is rooted in the Holy Spirit's work within the believer. This concept of being "one in spirit" with the Lord echoes Jesus' prayer in John 17:21, where He desires that all believers be one, just as He and the Father are one. This unity is a profound mystery, reflecting the intimate relationship between Christ and His followers, a relationship that is both personal and communal, as it also connects believers to one another in the body of Christ. Historically, this understanding of spiritual unity has been a cornerstone of Christian identity, emphasizing the transformative power of the Holy Spirit in creating a new, unified community of faith.

Flee from sexual immorality
The Greek word for "flee" is "φεύγω" (pheugō), which implies a strong, immediate action to escape or avoid danger. This is not a passive suggestion but an urgent command to actively distance oneself from sexual immorality. The term "sexual immorality" is translated from the Greek "πορνεία" (porneia), encompassing all forms of illicit sexual activity outside the bounds of marriage as defined by Scripture. Historically, Corinth was a city known for its rampant immorality, with the temple of Aphrodite promoting such practices. Paul’s directive is a call to counter-cultural living, urging believers to reject the pervasive sexual norms of their society and pursue holiness.

Every other sin a man can commit is outside his body
This phrase highlights the unique nature of sexual sin. The Greek word for "sin" is "ἁμαρτία" (hamartia), meaning to miss the mark or fall short of God's standard. While all sin is serious, Paul distinguishes sexual sin as having a direct impact on one's own body. The historical context of Corinth, with its acceptance of sexual promiscuity, underscores the radical nature of this teaching. Paul is emphasizing that sexual sin is not just a moral failing but a violation of the sanctity of one's own body, which is meant to be a temple of the Holy Spirit.

but he who sins sexually sins against his own body
The repetition of the concept of sinning against one's own body underscores the gravity of sexual immorality. The Greek word for "body" is "σῶμα" (sōma), which in the New Testament often refers to the physical body as well as the whole person. This phrase suggests that sexual sin uniquely defiles and damages the individual in a way that other sins do not. In the broader scriptural context, the body is seen as a vessel for honoring God (Romans 12:1). Thus, sexual sin is a direct affront to the purpose and dignity God has bestowed upon the human body. This teaching calls believers to a higher standard of purity and self-control, recognizing their bodies as integral to their spiritual identity and witness.

Do you not know
This phrase is a rhetorical question, often used by Paul to emphasize a point that should be obvious to the Corinthians. The Greek word "οἴδατε" (oidate) implies a knowledge that is both intellectual and experiential. Paul is reminding the Corinthians of a truth they should already be aware of, urging them to reflect on their spiritual understanding and the implications of their faith.

that your body
The Greek word for "body" is "σῶμα" (sōma), which refers to the physical body. In the context of Corinthian culture, which was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy that often devalued the physical in favor of the spiritual, Paul is emphasizing the sanctity and importance of the physical body. This challenges any notion that what one does with the body is irrelevant to spiritual life.

is a temple
The term "temple" comes from the Greek "ναός" (naos), which refers to the inner sanctuary of a temple, the most sacred part where the deity would dwell. In Jewish tradition, the temple in Jerusalem was the dwelling place of God's presence. By calling the body a temple, Paul elevates the physical body to a place of divine residence, underscoring its sacredness and the need for purity.

of the Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit, or "Πνεύματος Ἁγίου" (Pneumatos Hagiou) in Greek, is the third person of the Trinity, who indwells believers. This indwelling signifies a profound relationship between the believer and God, transforming the believer's body into a sacred space. The presence of the Holy Spirit is a testament to the believer's sanctification and calling to live a life that honors God.

who is in you
This phrase emphasizes the intimate and personal nature of the Holy Spirit's presence. The Greek "ἐν ὑμῖν" (en hymin) indicates an indwelling that is both communal and individual. It is a reminder that the Holy Spirit is not distant but resides within each believer, providing guidance, comfort, and empowerment for holy living.

whom you have received from God
The verb "received" (Greek "ἐλάβετε," elabete) indicates a gift that has been given. The Holy Spirit is a gift from God, bestowed upon believers at the moment of salvation. This underscores the grace of God in providing His Spirit to dwell within us, enabling us to live according to His will and purpose.

You are not your own
This statement is a powerful declaration of ownership and identity. The Greek "οὐκ ἐστὲ ἑαυτῶν" (ouk este heautōn) signifies that believers belong to God, having been bought with a price, as Paul elaborates in the following verse. This challenges the Corinthian believers, and us today, to live lives that reflect our status as God's possession, dedicated to His service and glory.

you were bought
The phrase "you were bought" comes from the Greek word "agorazō," which means to purchase or redeem. In the historical context of the New Testament, this term was often used in the marketplace, particularly in reference to the buying of slaves. Theologically, this signifies the profound truth that believers have been redeemed from the bondage of sin. The price paid for this redemption was the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ. This concept of being "bought" underscores the idea of belonging to God, emphasizing that Christians are no longer their own but are now under the lordship of Christ.

at a price
The "price" mentioned here refers to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross. The Greek word "timē" denotes value or honor, indicating the immense worth of the sacrifice made for humanity's redemption. Historically, the concept of a price being paid for freedom would resonate deeply with the Corinthian audience, familiar with the practice of manumission, where slaves were freed upon payment. Spiritually, this highlights the costly nature of grace and the depth of God's love, as He gave His only Son to secure our salvation.

Therefore glorify
The word "glorify" is derived from the Greek "doxazō," which means to honor, magnify, or make glorious. In the scriptural context, to glorify God is to reflect His character and attributes in our lives. This imperative calls believers to live in a manner that honors God, acknowledging His sovereignty and grace. Theologically, it is a call to worship not just in words but through actions and lifestyle, demonstrating the transformative power of the Gospel.

God
The reference to "God" here is central to the Christian faith, acknowledging the Creator and Sustainer of all things. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul is addressing a community that struggled with idolatry and immorality, reminding them of their allegiance to the one true God. This call to glorify God is a reminder of His holiness and the believer's duty to live in a way that reflects His nature.

with your body
The phrase "with your body" emphasizes the physical aspect of worship and obedience. The Greek word "sōma" refers to the physical body, highlighting that our bodies are not merely vessels but integral to our spiritual service. In the historical context of Corinth, a city known for its moral laxity, this was a radical call to purity and holiness. Theologically, it underscores the belief that the body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, as mentioned earlier in the chapter (1 Corinthians 6:19), and should be used to honor God. This holistic view of worship challenges believers to consider how their physical actions and lifestyle choices reflect their faith and commitment to God.